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E e

G g

H h

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K k

L l

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P p

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Z yz

a f oh! particle; expresses surprise; a, taawa ‘oh, there it is’; a, ima aviituq ‘oh, it's not there anymore’ oh! 19 a a а

aa1 6¡ darn! particle; pronounced with breathy voice to indicate exasperation darn! PE a(a) 19 a1 x1 ā1

aa², aa-a 6^™. 6-f yes particle; an expression of approval or agreement; aanaqsiin? ‘are you going out?’ -- aa ‘yes’ yes PE a(a)& 19 a2 x2 ā2, ā-а

aafkagh- 6arf4- burst aafkaghtuq ‘it burst’; aafkaghaa ‘he burst it’ / Maalghuk ighuk ugugnaghaam ighukek neghumakek. Taagken aghnam pimakanga, aqsanga kenegraamaan, "Kaay aqsan aafkaghllequq." ‘He ate two legs, hind-quarters of the shrew. Then the woman said to him, while poking at his stomach, “Hey, your stomach will burst.” (UNGIPAGHAGH. 80) to burst < aveg-qagh- aafkaneghlluk afkagh- xfkagh- āфкаӷ-

aafkaneghlluk 6arfys5k]/r durable material that will not burst esp. of pneumatic things as Rub. 109 says? check durable material that will not burst ghjxysq øj yfledyjv ghtlvtntπ < aafkagh-neghlluk afkaneghlluk xfkaneghlluk āфканыҳльюк

aafqugh- 6a2e4- set things aside divide things into groups to set things aside; to divide things into groups < aafte-qugh- afqugh- xfqugh- āфқуӷ-

aafte- 6ans- separate from others aaftuq ‘he separated himself from the others’; aaftaa ‘he separated it from the others, took it from where it was, put it aside’ / aafutut ‘they separated from each other’; = afte- to separate from others PE av0t- (under PE av0!-) aafqugh- afte- xfte- āфты-

aag- 6u- side trip (take a ~) aagtuq ‘he made a side trip’; aagaa ‘he went over to it while on his way to somewhere else’ / aagvik ‘the place to which one makes a side trip’; Sangwaa taakwagun aagaqegkan, tuqutaqigu. ‘If something happens to come by  this way, kill it.’ (UNGAZ. UNGIP. 62) to take a side trip PE a!0- aaghqaghte-, aaghqutaq, aaghqutaate-, aagute- ag- xg- āг-

aaga- 6uf- swing aagaaq ‘it swung’ / aagastaa ‘he made it swing’, ‘he pushed her on the swing’; Aagastaqa qevulliighaatekestaamaan aagalghiinaakun. ‘I began to push her on the swing a little more with each back and forth swinging motion.’ (SULUWET 16) to swing aga- xga- āга-

aageste- 6uscns- prolong one's action for a long time aagestuq ‘he let out a long moan or kept his action going for a long time’ / qinuyulghii aagestaataghtuq unulqusiq elngaatall ‘the sick one let out long painful cries throughout the night’; mekelghiighhaq aagestaataghtuq qiyatkelluku ‘the little boy prolonged his wailing as he cried’; qepghallghegni aaghestaak yugem taawa ‘oh my, the man is keeping at his work for as long as he can’ moan long and mournfully to prolong one's action for a long time; to moan long and mournfully ageste- xgeste- āгысты-

aaggaatae 6[6nfs whetstone sharpening stone whetstone; sharpening stone PE a!i!(a3)un (under PE a!i!-); < aaggagh-(u)n aggatae xggxtae āхāтаы

aaggagh- 6[f4- sharpen whet to sharpen; to whet PE a!i!- aaggaata aggagh- xggagh- āхаӷ-

aaggnaqe- 6[y]f2s- use sparingly economize sparingly (use ~) check; looks like a nice base that somehow got omitted -- does CK know this word? to use sparingly; to economize ærjyjvbnm xnj-k> Rub. 112 aggnaqe- xggnaqe- āхньақы-

aaghhaghte- 65f5ns- move a little by force aaghhaghtuq ‘it budged, he changed his mind’; aaghhaghtaa ‘he budged it, he changed her mind’ / nuna aaghhaghtuq ‘the ground moved, there was an earthquake’; nguutnguga alangqughiitama aaghhaghluku ilefkaghaghsimaaqa ‘I made the stone in my ring come loose and fall out’; aaghhaghsaghqaghhaanghilnguq yuuk qenwatlu taawa malikruutesimaat ‘they finally persuaded that very stubborn man to go along with their ideas’ change one's mind budge earthquake (there is an ~) to move a little by force; to budge; to change one's mind; for there to be an earthquake < aaghte-aghte- aghhaghte- xghhaghte- āҳаҳты-

aaghhe- 65s- move freely (as a rope being pulled, or a person's behavior) aaghhuq ‘it (rope) is running free; he (person) is not being restrained nor restraining himself’ / aaghhestaa ‘he is letting it run free’; aaghhestaa uyiiq aghveq awatmun igleghsan ‘he let the whale rope flow out as the whale moved away’; aaghhuq yuuk taana qepghaqamini avelghaqiinaghluki ilani piyukellghinaghmitun ‘that man is getting away with doing whatever he wishes with complete disregard for his co-workers’; aaghhestaat taana taghnughhaq elngaatall ‘they certainly are giving that child free rein’ slacken to move freely (as a rope being pulled, or a person's behavior); to slacken aaghheghneq aghhe- xghhe- āҳы-

aaghheghneq 65s4ys2 persuaded (person that can easily be ~) person that can easily be persuaded < aaghhe-?-neq² CK Rub 118 aghheghneq xghheghneq āҳыӷнық

aaghhneghlliqe- 65y]s5k]b2s- stubborn (be ~) Tawaten ataasimi aghneghmi Kiiluuq aaghhneghlliqumalghii esnamun samavek elqwaaghyaghnaluni.’ Then one day Kiiluuq being stubborn went down to the shore to gather seaweed.’ (KIILUUQ 3) to be stubborn < aaghhneghhlluk-liqe- aghhneghlliqe- xghhneghlliqe- āҳньыҳльиқы-

aaghhneghlluk 65y]s5k]/r stubborn person hard to convince (one who is ~) skeptical person one who is hard to convince; stubborn person; skeptical person < aaghte²-neghlluk aaghhneghlliqe- aghhneghlluk xghhneghlluk āҳньыҳльюк

aaghhutagh- 65enf4- move by crawling over thin ice piyaalghii iikusati aaghhutameng aghviimalghii ‘the man who was hunting by foot crossed by drawling  over the thing ice when the cake of ice he was on broke off from the main ice to move by crawling over thin ice < aaghwe-?- VK’s dict. revs. aghhutagh- xghhutagh- āҳутаӷ-

aaghhwe- 651s- crawl aaghhuq or aaghhwuq ‘he crawled’; aaghhwaa ‘he crawled over it’ / aaghhwaaghtuq ‘he keeps crawling’; Repall atanga aaghhweregaghmeng aanumalghii, llangaqa pingayuneng ighukelghii. ‘The father went out crawling, looking like he had three legs.’ (UNGIPAGHAGH. 72) to crawl PE a9u3- aghhwe- xghhwe- āҳӱы-

aaghlu 64k/ meteor traditionally thought to be connected with a creature dwelling in the rocks behind Gambell; the color is said to be prophetic comet fireball of some sort coming down from mountains fireball of some sort coming down from mountains (perhaps meteor or comet) comet meaning is from Linda Badten; fireball meaning from Darlene Orr aghlu xghlu āӷлю

aaghqaghte-¹ 652f5ns-^¡ detour aaghqaghtuq ‘he went a different way’; aaghqaghtaa ‘he didn’t stop at it’ / taagagun aaghqaghsimaaq ‘he went by the far side instead’; aaghqaghtaa tapghaq ‘he put the rope around that part’ avoid put rope around something to take a route different from usual; to detour; to avoid; to evade; to put rope around or across something < aag-qaghte- aghqaghte- xghqaghte- āҳқаҳты-¹

aaghqaghte-² 652f5ns-^™ urge aaghqaghtuq ‘he went a different way’; aaghqaghtaa ‘he didn’t stop at it’ / taagagun aaghqaghsimaaq ‘he went by the far side instead’; aaghqaghtaa tapghaq ‘he put the rope around that part’ encourage to urge; to encourage < aaghte²-qaghte- aghqaghte-2 xghqaghte-2 āҳқаҳты-²

aaghqutaate- 652en6ns- detour aaghqutaatestegpenasi seghletun pinaqelghiinun ‘don't let them tell you what to do when they are doing wrong’ decide for someone without giving him a say to detour; to decide for someone without giving him a say < aag-?- aghqutate- xghqutxte- āҳқутāты-

aaghqutaq 652enf2 ball game Chukotkan; called kalleghta by most people on St. Lawrence Island a certain ball game < aag-qutaq aghqutaq xghqutaq āҳқутақ

aaghqute- 652ens- comply with the wishes of another aaghqutaa ‘he did as she wanted’ / to comply with the wishes of another < aaghte-?- aghqute- xghqute- āҳқуты-

aaghsi 65cb thong holding shank to harpoon shaft = aghsi or aghsi? (Yupik Lore vol. 1 p. 170-174 has it both ways; curriculum manual only as aaghsi) thong holding shank (giimaq) to harpoon shaft ; see Parts of Harpoon in Appendix aghsi xghsi āҳси

aaghte-¹ 65ns-¡ move a little change one's mind budge earthquake (there is an ~) to move a little; to budge; to change one's mind; for there to be an earthquake aaghhaghte- aghte-1 xghte-1 āҳты-¹

aaghte-² 65ns-™ convince aaghtaa ‘he convinced her’/ to convince aaghtiiraagh-, aaghqute-, aaghneghlluk aghte-2 xghte-2 āҳты-²

aaghtiiraagh- 65n7h64- argue to argue < aaghte²-iiraagh- aghtiragh- xghtxrxgh- āҳтӣрāӷ-

aaghw- 641- upside down postural root; aaghwtuq ‘it turned upside down’; aaghwtaa ‘he turned it upside down’; aaghwngaaq ‘it is upside down’; qayuutat ayumiq aaghwtaaghtestesnanighaqiit ‘long ago they discouraged people from leaving wooden platters upside down’ (probably a superstition) upside down 12 aghw- xghw- āӷӱ-

aaghwqe- 6412s- bloody (get ~) aaghwquq ‘he got bloody’; aaghwqaa ‘he got it bloody’ / to get bloody < aakw-ghqe- aghwqe- xghwqe- āӷӱқы-

aaghwtaq 615nf2 tent with arched roof Chukotkan (R, V&E) house (wooden ~ type with arched roof covered with hide) tent with a arched roof; wooden house type with arched roof covered with hide ktnyzz zhfyuf c gjkerheukjq rhsitq\ lthtdzyyjt ;bkbot cjdhtvtyyjuj j,hfpwf CK V & E 81; Rub 108 aghwtaq xghwtaq āӱҳтақ

aagna 6uyf over there (that one ~) extended demonstrative pronoun; base: ag-; localis singular pronoun: agum ‘at the one over there’; vocative singular:  aagyuq ‘you, going away’; absolutive/relative plural pronoun: aagkut ‘those over there’; anaphoric abs. sing. pronoun: taagna ‘that one over there’; adverbial particle: aga ‘over there!’; localis adverb: agani ‘over there’; terminalis adverb: agavek ‘to over there’; vialis adverb: aaggun ‘through over there’; ablative adverb: aagken ‘from over there’; anaphoric adverbial particle: taaga ‘there, over there!’; aagna qilaga pinipigta ‘how nice the sky looks over there!’; aagna uyavaq meq imaghllugituq taaga ‘the sea farther up beyond us is not rough at all’; aagna yuuk angvigapigta ‘how tall that person who is going away is!’; aagna igleghlleghhii qemimelnguq yugaa? ‘is that thing moving up on that hill a person?’ going away (one ~) that one over there; that one going away PE dem. a!- 22 agna xgna āгна

aagneghaghte- 6uys4f5ns- split at the crotch aagneghaghtuk ‘they₂ (pants) split at the crotch’; aagneghaghtaak ‘he split them₂ at the crotch’ / to split at the crotch < aagneq-aghte- agneghaghte- xgneghaghte- āгныӷаҳты-

aagneghtu- 6uys5ne- steps (have long ~) long (have ~ steps or a ~ stride) stride (have a long ~) to have long steps; to have a long stride < aagneq-tu- agneghtu- xgneghtu- āгныҳту-

aagneq 6uys2 crotch of pants used in the dual, aagneghek, for one crotch pace (one ~) step (one ~) crotch of pants; one pace; one step +PY a!n03 ‘a certain distance’ (under PE a!0- ‘)(cf. Central Alaskan Yup’ik a!n03 ‘a mile’s distance’; Naukan Yupik a!n0q ‘crotch of pants, measure of length’) aagneghaghte-, aagneghtu- agneq xgneq āгнық

aagra 6uhf room, insulated inner, of the traditional dome-shaped house Aagram ilungi puqlaghllagulghiit, aghnat ilungani raarwiighesnaghluteng ayuqelghiit sungighluteng, tangyeghusighluteng, tukughusighluteng. ‘Because inside the inner room women are quite warm they wear only underwear plus beads, bracelets and anklets.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 1:33); aagra is termed polog ‘bed canopy’ in Russian inner insulated room of the traditional dome-shaped house ; see Parts of Traditional House in Appendix insulated inner room of the traditional dome-shaped house, the mangteghapik (q.v.) from Chukchi a!ran ‘wooden floor’ 14 agra xgra āгра

aagralghun 6uhfk4ey guyline at corner of the insulated inner room of traditional dome-shaped house see Parts of Traditional House in Appendix guyline at corner of the aagra, the insulated inner room of traditional dome-shaped house from Chukchi aa!ran and ? 19 CK Rub 45 agralghun xgralghun āгралӷун

aagriin 6uh7y ridgepole supporting the insulated inner room of traditional dome-shaped house see Parts of Traditional House in Appendix ridgepole supporting the aagra, the insulatedinner room of traditional dome-shaped house from Chukchi a!rot’0m ‘(?)’ CK Rub 25 agrin xgrxn āгрӣн

aagtagh- 6[nf4- shoot at even though from a distance neghsaq nuulghii aatak aagtaghyaghaqa ‘I tried shooting at the seal even though it was far away’ to shoot at even though from a distance PY a!ta3- (under PE a!0-) VK agtagh- xgtagh- āхтаӷ-

aagte-¹ 6[ns-¡ prolong one's action = aageste- to prolong one's action agte-1 xgte-1 āхты-¹

aagte-² 6[ns-™ stumble = naagte- trip (stumble) to stumble; to trip agte-2 xgte-2 āхты-²

aagte-³ 6[ns-£ secret (keep something ~) let something pass without mentioning it to keep something secret; to let something pass without mentioning it agte-3 xgte-3 āхты-³

aagute- 6uens- bump into something aagutuq ‘he bumped into something’; aagutaa ‘he bumped into it’, ‘he made a side trip for it’ / make a side trip for (it) to bump into something; to make a side trip for (it) < aag-(u)te- agute- xgute- āгуты-

aagyug- 6um/u- root: > aagyugneq, aagyugniqe-, aagyugteste- agyug- xgyug- āгьюг-

aagyugneq 6um/uys2 persistent person aagyugneghutmineng qepghaqanguq ‘he landed himself a job due to his being a persistent person’ persistent person < aagyug-neq² agyugneq xgyugneq āгьюгнық

aagyugniqe- 6um/uyb2s- stubborn (be ~) persistent (be ~) to be stubborn or persistent < aagyugneq-liqe- VK agyugniqe- xgyugniqe- āгьюгниқы-

aagyugteste- 6um/[nscns- stubborn (make (him) ~) ugumiyugsaghluku milughmilghii aagyugtestaa ‘he provoked him so he continued to throw rocks’ provoke to make (him) stubborn; to provoke < aagyug-(te)ste- VK agyugteste- xgyugteste- āгьюхтысты-

aagyugutke- 6um/uenrs- pick on aagyugutkaa ‘he picked on him’ / alingtalghii aagyugutkaat alingseghaghaqluku ‘they picked on the person who is easily frightened by trying to scare him’ to pick on VK agyugutke- xgyugutke- āгьюгуткы-

aahaaleketiiq 6u6ksrsn72 game involving coiled lines drawn on the ground which one follows from the outside inward as a particular song is sung a game involving coiled lines drawn on the ground which one follows from the outside inward as a particular song is sung ahaleketiq xhxleketxq āгāлыкытӣқ

aahaangwliq 6u613kb2 oldsquaw duck the true name of the oldsquaw is said to be kangghwaak, while the present word is a sort of nickname based on the cry of the oldsquaw Clangula hyemalis cry of the oldsquaw oldsquaw duck (Clangula hyemalis); the cry of the oldsquaw PE a(a)-a(a)&li3 02 ahangwliq xhxngwliq āгāӱңлиқ

aakaq* 6rf2 sister (older ~ of female) older sister of female older sister of female PE a(a)ka3 18 akaq* xkaq* āкақ

aakw 61r blood aawa ‘his blood’, aakwa ‘my blood’; aawuuq ‘it is blood’; see also aaw- ‘to bleed’ blood PE a9u! 10 aaghwqe-, aakwrak, aangwunani, aaghwtu-, aawhtuqe-, aawite-, aawiite-, aawyaq akw xkw āӱк

aakwrak 61rifr blood (small spot or streak of ~) small spot or streak of blood < aakw-krak akwrak xkwrak āӱкшак

aalghaq 6k4f2 family (another) in the same clan other of a pair of boats cooperating in a hunt hunting partner second wife another family in the same clan; the other of a pair of boats cooperating in a hunt; hunting partner; second wife < aleq-ghaq (?) alghaq xlghaq āлӷақ

Aallgha aghneq ^k]5f f4ys2 Monday the name comes from Monday being the second day of the week Monday < aleq + aghneq Allgha aghneq Xllgha aghneq А̄льҳа аӷнық

aallgutaq 6k][enf2 broom Chukotkan (R); may be used in the plural for a single broom besom wing of bird used as a broom known and used on SLI? broom; besom; wing of bird used as a broom jnhtpfyyfz xfcnm rhskf e gnbwsdtybr < alleg-(u)taq Rub. 63 allgutaq xllgutaq āльхутақ

aallneq 6k]y]s2 ember soot with grease from an oil lamp ember; soot with grease from an oil lamp allneq xllneq āльньық

aallngunaan 6k]3]ey6y without a partner irregular subordinative of aallghite- (rather than aallghinaan or aallghunaan) partnerless without a partner < aleq-(ng)ite-subordinative allngunan xllngunxn āльңьунāн

aalma 6kvf block of snow to be used in a heated house perhaps to cool the house (?) snow block to be used in a heated house what exactly does this mean??? block of snow to be used in a heated house recjr cytuf. gjkj;tysq lkz entgktybz ;bkbof from Chukchi ? x CK Rub 59 alma xlma āлма

aalqullghiik 6k]2ek]57r pair couple companion (person and ~) pair; couple; person and companion < aleq-ke¹-(u)te-lghii-dual alqullghik xlqullghxk āльқульҳӣк

aam 6v hesitation sound like English "aah" or "um" particle hesitation sound like English "aah" or "um" 19 am xm āм

aamak 6vfr berry species exact identification undetermined what kind?; cf. CAY aumaq, aumak ‘ember’; where is this from? -- I can find no record or other reference to it; spurious? a kind of berry 07 amak xmak āмак

aamna 6vyf over there or over the mountains (one ~) obscured demonstrative pronoun; base: am-; localis singular pronoun: amumi ‘in the one on the other side’; vocative singular: aamyuq ‘you, on the other side’; absolutive/relative plural pronoun: aamkut ‘those on the other side’; anaphoric abs. sing. pronoun: taamna ‘that one on the other side’; adverbial particle: ama ‘over there (on the other side)!’; localis adverb: amani ‘on the other side’; terminalis adverb: amavek ‘to the other side’; vialis adverb: amagun or aamggun ‘through the other side’; ablative adverb: amaken or aamken ‘from the other side’; anaphoric adverbial particle: taama ‘there, on the other side!’ across the sea (one ~) on the other side (one ~ of something) in the other room (one ~) that one over there; the one across the sea; that one on the other side of something; that one over the mountains; that one in the other room PE dem. am- 22 amna xmna āмна

aamqun 6v2ey welt put in between the boot sole and the upper on a skin-boot Aamqutnguut nateghqamllu amiiramllu akulanganilnguut …. ‘There was a welt [put] between the sole and upper [of the boot] ….’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 1:114) welt put in between the boot sole and the upper on a skin-boot < ?-(u)n amqun xmqun āмқун

aamta 6vnf as we know from our experience, or as we well understand particle; aamta ellngitlu aghneghmi amighinaqaqeftut whangkutestun ‘they are putting a skin on their boat today just as we are’; aamta ellngitlu seghleliightut taawa ‘oh, they are grieving greatly (a feeling we understand all too well)’; Mekelghiighuluteng, apangiighhaghputlu aagna, apangiighhaghputlu aamta entaqun seghleghllugumayaghtuq.  ‘Being boys, our little grandfather too, that one, our little grandfather also, as we know maybe he would try to be bad (be mischievous).’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 2:24) aamtaam, aamtawha, aamtayaghhaq as we know from our experience; as we well understand from Chukchi ‘0mto, amto ‘well, what if, what news?’ amta xmta āмта

aamtaam 6vn6v if that can't be particle; tawani tagilghaaten utaqanaaghamken taawanginaq enkaam aamtaam pipagningiskuvek ungipaannakevnga kitukun ‘come at that time and I'll wait for you, but if you can't, let me know through someone’; tagilghaaten, aamtaam wiin piyunghilkuvek taginghisaghngaaghpek ‘do come over, but if you don't want to, then don't’; taginghisaghngaaghpek aamtaam tagiyukuvek tagilghaaten ‘you don't have to come, but if you want to come, then come’; Aamtaam eltughaanka pillgitngwaaghtut. ‘That being so, my grandchildren treasure the things they have.’ (Sivuq. Nangagh. 3:94); Taawanginaq whanganginanghitunga, anengalguunga. Aamtaam ighlekegkaanganga ugiighnaanghitunga. Aamtaam aangqanganga ugiighllequnga. ‘It’s not only me, I have an older brother. That being the case, if he doesn’t let me I won’t marry you. That being the case, if he does agree I will marry you.’ (UNGIPAGHAGH. 20) if that isn't so if that is so that being the case if that can't be; if that isn't so; if that is so; that being the case < aamta-am 14, 19 amtam xmtxm āмтāм

aamtawha 6vnf1]f maybe particle; aamtawha kiigunneghatni quugmeng suyvaghtuq imawha uksungani naangut ‘he would try to gather enough wood during the summer but would run out in the winter’ probably trying fruitlessly maybe; probably; trying fruitlessly < aamta-wha 14, 19 amtawha xmtawha āмтаӱьа

aamtayaghhaq 6vnfz5f2 how well we know particle, like aamta (q.v.) but stronger how well we know < aamta-?-ghhaq 14, 19 amtayaghhaq xmtayaghhaq āмтаяҳақ

aane- 6ys- go out(side) aanuq ‘he went out’; aanaa ‘he went out of it or went out through it / aanutaa he took it out’ outside (go ~) to go out(side) < ane- aanelgun, aanleghagh-, aanqaghte-, aante-, aanvik, aanyaghaq, aanziiq ane- xne- āны-

aanelgun 6yskuey littermate born at the same time (one ~) contemporary (a person’s ~) littermate; one born at the same time; a person's contemporary < aane-lgum anelgun xnelgun āнылгун

aanesqe- 6ysc2s- drive out Chukotkan (R) expel force somebody to leave check; would seem to mean ‘wants or asks one to go out’ to drive out; to expel; to force somebody to leave dsujyznm rjuj-k>. pfcnfdkznm rjuj-k> dsqnb < aane-sqe- Rub. 80 anesqe- xnesqe- āнысқы-

aanestaghagh- 6yscnf4f4- press out Chukotkan (R) squeeze out put out thrust out to press or squeeze out; to put or thrust out dslfdkbdfnm gjytvyjue xnj-kb,j. dscjdsdfnm xnj-k> < aane-(te)ste-?- Rub. 80 anestaghagh- xnestaghagh- āныстаӷаӷ-

aangaayugte- 636/[ns- act as if superior to others airs (put on ~) put on airs conceited (act ~) to act as if superior to others; to put on airs; to act conceited < aange-?- angayugte- xngxyugte- āңāюхты-

aangeaa- 63s- big (be ~) aanguq ‘it is big’ large (be ~) to be big; to be large < ange- aangeghllak ange- xnge- āңы-

aangeghllak 63s5k]zr big thing large thing big thing; large thing < aange-ghllak (note that this normally noun-elaborating postbase is used here with a verb base) angeghllak xngeghllak āңыҳльяк

aanghuute- 6y48ns- spark as from friction aanghuutuq ‘it made sparks’ / Uyghagami qamiyegka aanghuutuk igleghsama.’ My sled made sparks as I was going over the rocks.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 5) make sparks to spark as from friction; to make sparks < aneq-uute- anghute- xnghxte- āнӷӯты-

aangqagh- 632f4- play ball to play ball < angqagh- angqagh- xngqagh- āңқаӷ-

Aangqaghvik ^32f4dbr June July June; July in E-V, and also anonymous SLI 1910; VK Angqaghvik Xngqaghvik А̄ңқаӷвик

aangqanneq 632fy]s2 ball game Chukotkan (V&E) should this actually be aangqaanneq? traditional ball game nhflbwbjyyfz buhf d vzx < aangqaq-?-neq¹ CK V & E 98 angqanneq xngqanneq āңқаньық

aangqaq 632f2 ball ball vzx < angqagh- angqaq xngqaq āңқақ

aangqasiigh-, aangqasi- 632fc74-. 632fcb- get ready to throw a ball wind up (get ready to throw a ball) to get ready to throw a ball; to "wind up" < aangqaq-?- angqasigh-; angqasi- xngqasxgh-; xngqasi- āңқасӣӷ-, āңқаси-

aangqengwaaq 632s3162 rattle, small Chukotkan (R) small rattle < aangqaq-(ghw/ngw/w)aaq (?) CK Rub 84 angqengwaq xngqengwxq āңқыңӱāқ

aangwaagh- 63164- big (be rather ~, be ~ enough) Chukotkan (R) check; from *aangengwaagh-? (like aanenaquq becomes aanaquq, I think) to be rather big,  big enough ljdjkmyj ,jkmijq < aange-(ngw/ghw/w)aagh- (?) Rub. 87 angwagh- xngwxgh- āңӱāӷ-

aangwunani 631eyfyb bloodless ((he, she or it) being ~) check this -- Rub. gives it as aangunani, and in fact can there be a contrast between ng and ngw before u? (he, she or it) being bloodless < aakw-(ng)ite-subordinative angwunani xngwunani āңӱунани

aanighte- 6yb5ns- concentrate thought and action on what one is doing aanightuq ‘he is concentrating on what he is doing’ / aanighutaa ‘he is concentrating on it’; cf. anighte- to concentrate thought and action on what one is doing anighte- xnighte- āниҳты-

aanleghaate- 6yks46ns- leave a building Chukotkan (R) rise to the surface check to leave a building; to rise to the surface ds[jlbnm bp gjvtotybzdcgksdfnm yf gjdth[yjcnm djls < aanleghagh-(u)te- Rub. 78 anleghate- xnleghxte- āнлыӷāты-

aanleghagh- 6yks4f4- seep out aanleghaghtuq ‘it seeped out’ / Kagimkaq qantamineng aanleghaghtuq reghilleghqun. ‘Sugar is leaking out of the its container through a hole.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 5) flow out to seep out; to flow out < aane-vleghagh- (?) anleghagh- xnleghagh- āнлыӷаӷ-

aanngerquq 6y3si2e2 ankle bone Chukotkan;  = angangarquq ankle bone 10 anngerquq xnngerquq āнңышқуқ

aanqaghneq 6y2f4ys2 bulge protrusion bulge; protrusion < aanqaghte-neq² anqaghneq xnqaghneq āнқаӷнық

aanqaghreki 632f4hsrb three (the number ~ in a counting of finger naming jingle for children) cf. aangqaq; the entire jingle is: aatati, pututati, aanqaghreki, tekiina, kumlu, aasi, taawra, qilughru, milughru, qughru 'one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten' counting jingle (the number ‘three’ in a ~ for children) jingle (the number ‘three’ in a counting or finger naming ~ for children) the number three (in a counting or finger naming jingle for children) anqaghreki xnqaghreki āңқаӷрыки

aanqaghte- 6y2f5ns- rush out aanqaghtuq ‘he rushed out’, ‘it protruded’ / protrude bulge check; Rub. gives the glosses ‘to drop’ and ‘to vote’ to rush out; to protrude; to bulge < aane-qaghte- aanqaghneq anqaghte- xnqaghte- āнқаҳты-

aanqaghtivike- 6y2f5nsdbrs- hit accidentally as with a stone from a sling Chukotkan (R) check; this seems like a very specific meaning to hit accidentally as with a stone from a sling gjgflfnm ytxfzyyj d rjuj-k>. dj xnj-k> rfvytv bp ghfob < aanqaghte-(g)i-vik-ke¹- Rub. 78 anqaghtivike- xnqaghtivike- āнқаҳтывикы-

aanqulleq 6y2ek]s2 manure Chukotkan (R) manure CK Rub 78 anqulleq xnqulleq āнқульық

aanqutagh- 6y2enf4- lead singing sing (lead singing) to lead singing < aanqute-?- anqutagh- xnqutagh- āнқутаӷ-

aanqute- 6y2ens- start singing or speaking aanqutaa ‘he began (to say, sing) i’t / aanqutiiq ‘he began to sing’; yugem aanqutisaghaanga kaallunga ‘the man began to say something as he reached me’; Ellngan quunpeng aanqutaqii atuutet atulghiini. ‘He always starts the songs for the singers.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 6); cf. aane- sing (start singing or speaking) speak (start singing or speaking) to start singing or speaking aanqutagh- anqute- xnqute- āнқуты-

aantaq 6ynf2 midden may be used in the plural, aantat, for one midden dump midden; dump PE antat (under PE an0-); < aante-(g)aq; antaq xntaq āнтақ

aante- 6yns- take out aantaa ‘he brought it out’ / aantiiq ‘he took something out (particularly a commode for dumping)’; pegnem aantaa ighneni ‘she had a difficult time giving birth to her son’ bring out put out give birth to to to take out; to bring out; to put out; to give birth to PE an0t- (under PE an0-); < aane-te¹- aantat ante- xnte- āнты-

aanvik 6ydbr outlet exit outlet; exit PE ann0vi! and an09vi! (under PE an0-); < aane-vik anvik xnvik āнвик

aanyaghagh- 6ymz4f4- go out early early (go out ~) to go out early < aane-yaghagh- anyaghagh- xnyaghagh- āньяӷаӷ-

aanyaghaq¹ 6ymz4f2^¡ first one out first-born child first letter of word initial first one out; first-born child; man who goes outside the first (in the morning); first letter of word, initial xtkjdtr. gthddsq dsitlibq bp ljvf yf ekbwe.gthdfz ,erdf d ckjdt < aane-yaghagh- anyaghaq1 xnyaghaq1 āньяӷақ1

aanyaghaq² 6ymz4f2^™ exit also used in the dual, aanyaghak, for one exit or outlet; qaltak aanyaghametuk ‘the bucket is by the exit; kiiwem aanyaghakek uusqaghtuk ‘the water is deep around the outlet of the river’ way out outlet exit; the way out; outlet anyaghaq2 xnyaghaq2 āньяӷақ2

aanziigh- 6yp74- burp aanziightuq ‘he burped’; Aanziighllagyalghiimi sayalghiimi, mighyaghllagyalghiimi taghnughhaam akileghteghllagluku, qiyateghllaget. ‘When it (the creature) belched, doubled over, and threw up violently, the children tumbled out from it crying loudly.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 3:174) belch to burp; to belch < aane-?- anzigh- xnzxgh- āнзӣӷ-

aanziiq 6yp72 burp belch a burp; a belch < aane-? anziq xnzxq āнзӣқ

aapghun 6g5ey prediction Chukotkan (R) sacrifice (object which is to be sacrificed) check object which is to be sacrificed; prediction ghtlvtn. dtom j,tofyyst d ;thnde.ghtlcrfpfybt < apegh¹-(u)n Rub. 92 apghun xpghun āпҳун

aapte- 6gns- ask aaptuq ‘he asked’; aaptaa ‘he asked her’ / to ask PY-S ap(0)t0- aapute- apte- xpte- āпты-

aapute- 6gens- ask permission aaputuq ‘he asked for permission’; aaputaa ‘he asked her for permission’; Ungazighmiit aaputaqut ellmengllu Arctic Ocean-mun pinaluteng. ‘The Siberians would ask permission (to join), wanting to go to the Arctic Ocean.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 3:118) ask concerning someone or something to ask permission; to ask concerning someone or something < aapte-(u)te- apute- xpute- āпуты-

aaqun 62ey almost particle; yuuk sikugni piyugluni aaqun meghquutkaaguq ‘a man walking on the ice practically fell into the water’; Taana ivenrumeng kaatevzighaghput, aaqun kaasimaaghput iitek. ‘We almost reached that one with the outboarrd motor; almost, we got to it, indeed.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 2:34) practically (almost) almost; practically from Chukchi? almost 14, 19 > aaqunqun aqun xqun āқун

aaqunqun 62ey2ey try it anyway particle dare try it anyway; dare < aaqun-qun 14, 19 aqunqun xqunqun āқунқун

aarragh- 6if4- dress in fancy clothes aarraghtuq ‘he dressed up’; aarraghaa ‘he dressed her up’ ;  Elngaatall siivanlleq tamaana aarraatesluku. ‘They brought the elder(s) there all dressed up.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 2:210); Aarraatkaq igaqraghllagmeng tawaten pinighrakegtepiglluku ulimalluteng. ‘everyone got all dressed up in clothing which they made as fancy as possible.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 3:86) to dress in fancy clothes < aate-ragh- arragh- xrragh- āшаӷ-

aas- 6c- dimensional root; > aastu-, aaskestaaghhaq as- xs- āс-

Aasa ^c9 Singikpak Pt. site east of Southwest Cape on St. Lawrence Is. see Map 4 in Appendices Singikpak Pt. site east of Southwest Cape on St. Lawrence Is. asa xsa А̄ся̄

Aasaq ^cf2 former village site west of Cape Chukotskii in Chukotka see Map 2 in Appendices former village site west of Cape Chukotskii in Chukotka Asaq Xsaq А̄сақ

aasi 6cb six (the number ~ in a counting or finger naming jingle for children) the entire jingle is: aatati, pututati, aanqaghreki, tekiina, kumlu, aasi, taawra, qilughru, milughru, qughru 'one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten' counting jingle (the number ‘six’ in a ~ or finger naming jingle for children) jingle (the number ‘six’ in a counting or finger naming ~ for children) the number six (in a counting or finger naming jingle for children) asi xsi āси

aaskestaaghhaq 6crscn65f2 narrow thing Aaskestaaghhaanghani kiyang malghugneghet piiqiit, … ‘Whenever it [the sea ice] did not extend far out they always made two [boat paths], …’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 1:134) extend (something that does not ~ far) narrow thing; something that does not extend far < aas-kestaaghaq askestaghhaq xskestxghhaq āскыстāҳақ

aasliigh- 6ck]74- patch a skin boat aasliightuq ‘he patched a boat’; aasliighaa ‘he patched it’ / check for a word for ‘patch’ or ‘hole’ contained in this -- cf. aasliq ‘soup of greens and seal blood’ -- could the seal blood have anything to do with the patch? (unlikely, but who knows) to patch a skin boat asligh- xslxgh- āсльӣӷ-

aasliq 6ck]b2 soup of greens and seal blood blood soup soup of greens and seal blood asliq xsliq āсльиқ

Aasliq ^ck]b2 former village on east shore of Provideniia Bay; Plover Bay in Chukotka see Map 2 in Appendices former village on east shore of Provideniia Bay; Plover Bay in Chukotka Asliq Xsliq А̄сльиқ

aasliquutaq 6ck]b28nf2 grease stain in the entrance opening of a winter house Chukotkan (R) grease stain in the entrance opening of a winter house CK Rub 97 asliqutaq xsliqxtaq āсльиқӯтақ

aastu- 6cne- wide (be ~) aastuuq ‘it is wide, extends far; Aastughllagyalghii, kilgaaquteghllagaqelghiit, kiyang whanikumi. ‘It was extended farther, as far as long distance runners were concerned, then than now.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 1:20); Aamta tuvalgunghani tawaten ataasiinaat kenilghet seggaqiit, qayughllak ilangakun tuvaq aastaaqelghii. ‘And, whenever it had shore ice like that they made but one boat path, because the shore ice extended a long way out.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 1:134) extend far strange gloss! (the -er part) to be wide; to extend far < aas-tu- astu- xstu- āсту-

aataararay 6n6hfhfq yuck! particle; expression of disgust or fright attested by V. Tepegkaq; (in Chukchi, this means ‘to call on the dogs to go fast while dog sledding’ from Tanko) yuck! from Chukchi ? x CK Rub 98 atararay xtxraray āтāрараӥ

aatak 6nfr do it anyway particle; used to boost morale; Seghleghunaqukut, yulgutmun kaatngwaaghluta tusaqunneghitem seghletun pinaqukut, aatak qitevunnaqigu! ‘Things are going poorly for us, and now that we have come across a fellow human, because we can’t understand each other we have a problem; give it a try, speak to him in the other language!’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 2:124); Aatak naghuyaqellaankuk meteghlluglliqellaankuk piiqagka. ‘(I’ll) give at a try,  I am trying to talk to the seagull and the raven.’ (UNGIPAGHAGH. 109) give it a try let's do it anyway; give it a try; let's 19 aatakqun, aataqun atak xtak āтак

aatakqun 6nfr2ey do it anyway particle, used to boost morale; = aataqun give it a try let's do it anyway; give it a try; let's from Chukchi ‘atawqun ‘just’ 19 atakqun xtakqun āтакқун

aataqun 6nf2ey do it anyway particle; used to boost morale;  = aatakqun give it a try let's is this actually aatakqun or is it a variant? do it anyway; give it a try; let's from Chukchi ‘atawqun ‘just’ 19 ataqun xtaqun āтақун

aatati 6nfnb one (the number ~ in a counting or finger naming jingle for children) cf. ataasiq; the entire jingle is: aatati, pututati, aanqaghreki, tekiina, kumlu, aasi, taawra, qilughru, milughru, qughru 'one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten' counting jingle (the number ‘one’ in a ~ or finger naming for children) jingle (the number ‘one’ in a counting or finger naming ~ for children) the number ‘one’ (in a counting or finger naming jingle for children) atati xtati āтати

aatawleginaq 6nf1ksubyf2 for nothing particle; aatawleginaq mughusimaaq, sakengaghsimangituq ‘he went hunting for nothing, he didn’t get anything’; unangataghalluku tagilghaaten aatawleginaq  neghsaghhnaanghituten, ayveghaghnaanghituten ‘come early in the morning, otherwise you won’t get seals or walrus’ after all because for nothing; after all; because 19 CK Rub 99 atawleginaq xtawleginaq āтаӱлыгинақ

aate- 6ns- put on (clothes) aatuq ‘it put something on’; aataa ‘he put it on’ / aalluku ‘after putting it on’; aalleqaa ‘he will put it on’; aannaqaa ‘he is going to put it on’; aatkaagaa or aaskaagaa ‘he has put it on’; aasuwaaghaa ‘he feels like wearing it’; dress (get dressed) to put on (clothes); to dress PE at0- aarragh-, aatkaq ate- xte- āты-

aateghngalghii 6ns43fk47 loaded thing Chukotkan (R); questioned put on (thing ~) check, seems wrong; what is the apparent base aategh- here?... perhaps this was supposed to have been iteghngalghii??? -CK loaded; put on pfhz;tyysq. dltnsq < aate-?-nga-lghii Rub. 104 ateghngalghi xteghngalghx āтыӷңалӷӣ

aatghute- 6n5ens- go out hunting on foot on the ice sikuk kaanneghegkeni yuget aatghutaqelghiit ‘men go out hunting (on foot) once the ocean ice arrives’ to go out hunting on foot on the ice atghute- xtghute- āтҳуты-

aatkaq 6nrf2 article of clothing garment article of clothing; garment < aate-kaq atkaq xtkaq āткақ

aatneq 6ny]s2 slope near the beach land extending out into the water note that it’s not *ateghneq which is what the derivation above should yield slope near the beach; small portion of land extending out into the water < ategh-neq²  (?) atneq xtneq āтньық

aatqaghtagh- 6n2f5nƒ4- go out (suddenly and quickly ~) check; what is the connection with aatqaghte- ‘to slip or jerk when working with something by hand’?; This word is for getting out of the main living area, it’s the same as samavek. Like in the example Rub gives: aghnaq aatqaghtamaaq nateghmun aanesnaluku iitqaghtalghii qikmiq ‘the lady went out to the outer part of the house to let the dog out  which was going in and out of the house’ to suddenly and quickly go out (as from room) dscrfrbdfnm bp gjvtotybz.cjcrfrbdfnm c xtuj-k> < aatqaghte-?- Rub. 101 atqaghtagh- xtqaghtagh- āтқаҳта́ӷ-

aatqaghte- 6n2f5ns- slip when working with something by hand aatqaghtuq ‘he or it jerked’; aatqaghtaa ‘he jerked it’/ tumeneng aatqaghtuq ‘he ran off the road’; terelleghmeng piineqegkani aatqaghtaa ‘he painted off the marked line’ jerk when working with something by hand run off the road deviate from the desired path to slip or jerk when working with something by hand; to run off the road; to deviate from the desired path atqaghte- xtqaghte- āтқаҳты-

aatwarae 6n1fhfs hot water = haatwara hot water from English ‘hot water’ SLI atwarae xtwarae āтӱараы

aavgaghte- 6duf5ns- split open suddenly injured severely on the surface of one’s body to split open suddenly; to get injured severely on the surface of one’s body hfp,bdfncz lj rhjdb < aveg-aghte- CK V & E 65; CK avgaghte- xvgaghte- āвгаҳты-

aavgugh- 6due4- cut up thoroughly to cut up thoroughly < aveg-ugh- avgugh- xvgugh- āвгуӷ-

aavneq 6dys2 half half dollar half; half dollar < aveg-neq¹ avneq xvneq āвнық

aavnguq 6d3e2 burl burl PY av&uq avnguq xvnguq āвңуқ

aavngutae 6d3enfs sealskin pants used in the dual, aavngutek for one pair of pants pants, sealskin sealskin pants < aveg-?-(u)n avngutae xvngutae āвңутаы

aaw- 61- bleed see also aakw ‘blood’ menstruate to bleed; to menstruate PE a9u! aw- xw- āӱ-

aawaallu 616k]/ so soon! particle; = aawallu already so soon!; already 19 awallu xwxllu āӱāлью

aawallu 61fk]/ so soon! particle; = aawaallu already so soon!; already 19 awallu xwallu āӱалью

aawhkagh- 61]rf4- spring season (for ~ to come) aawhkaghtuq or aawhkaghaa ‘spring has come’ / cf. awa(ni) for spring to come awhkagh- xwhkagh- āӱькаӷ-

aawhkaghhaaneng 61]rf56ys3 for ages (in the past) particle for quite a while now for ages (in the past); for quite a while now < aawhkagh-?-ghhaq-abl.-mod. 19 awhkaghhaneng xwhkaghhxneng āӱькаҳāның

aawhkaghniimna 61[rf4y7vyf previous place Chukotkan (R) former one check -- seems like some kind of compound of aawkagh- (under aw-) meaning ‘ago’, and iimna ‘the aforementioned one’ previous place; former one ght;ybq.ght;ytt vtcnj a compound word from aawkaghni and iimna Rub. 108 awhkaghnimna xwhkaghnxmna āӱхкаӷнӣмна

aawhkaghniq* 61]rf4yb2 thing of a while ago = aawhkaghtaq ago (thing of a while ~) hing of a while ago < aawhkagh-? awhkaghniq* xwhkaghniq* āӱькаӷниқ

aawhkaghtaq 61]rf5nf2 thing of a while ago = aawhkaghniq* ago (thing of a while ~) thing of a while ago < aawhkagh-taq² awhkaghtaq xwhkaghtaq āӱькаҳтақ

aawhkan 61]rfy while ago (during the same season) particle week ago month ago ago (a while ~, a week ~, a month ~) a while ago (during the same season); a week ago; a month ago < aawhkagh-? (?) 19 awhkan xwhkan āӱькан

aawhkaqun 61]rf2ey springtime (in the ~) particle in the springtime < aawhkagh-vialis 19 awhkaqun xwhkaqun āӱькақун

aawhkayaghaq 61]rfz4f2 while (a ~ back) particle some time ago ago (some time ~) some time ago; a while back < aawhkagh-yaghagh- 19 awhkayaghaq xwhkayaghaq āӱькаяӷақ

aawhtaq 61[nf2 jade jade SLI Cur. Res. Man. 142 awhtaq xwhtaq āӱхтақ

aawhtu- 61]ne- bloody (be ~) aawhtuuq ‘it is bloody’ / aawhtuqaq ‘a bloody thing’ to be bloody < aakw-tu- awhtu- xwhtu- āӱьту-

aawhtuqe- 61]ne2s- bleed aawhtuquq ‘it is bleeding’ / to bleed < aakw-?- awhtuqe- xwhtuqe- āӱьтуқы-

aawiite- 617ns- lose blood blood (lose ~) to lose blood < aakw-(ng)i:ghute- awite- xwxte- āӱӣты-

aawite- 61bns- bloodless (be ~) aawituq ‘it is bloodless ‘; cf. aangwunani ‘being without blood’ (irregular variant of aawinaan or aawunaan) to be bloodless < aakw-(ng)ite- awite- xwite- āӱиты-

aawyaq 61z2 blood clot clot (blood ~) blood clot PE a9u!ya3 (under PE a9u!); < aakw-? awyaq xwyaq āӱяқ

aaygu 6que arrow Chukchi source? or what; cf. NSY angku ‘arrow’ arrow possibly from Chukchi ? x aygu xygu āӥгу

aayguk 6quer stars seen at dawn, Altair and Tarared in the constellation of the Eagle Altair and Tarared in the constellation of the Eagle pair of stars seen at dawn, Altair and Tarared in the constellation of the Eagle PE aay$uuk or < aaygu-dual ayguk xyguk āӥгук

aayiiq tanem 6q72 nfysv preliminary incantation Chukotkan (R); literally, ‘aayiiq, once again’ (aayiiq is a name of a certain spirit, a tughneghaq) incantation, preliminary preliminary incantation; call to a certain spirit CK Rub 37 CK xxxt ayiq tanem xyxq tanem āӥӣқ таным

aaykagh- 6qrf4- gamble aaykaghtuq ‘he is gambling’; y preceding k questioned check to see if there really is y here next to the stop k to gamble aykagh- xykagh- āӥкаӷ-

aaykaq 6qrf2 poker or similar card game y preceding k is unusual gambling card game (poker or the like) poker or similar card game; gambling aykaq xykaq āӥкақ

afkuyaq farez2 cause of something (especially a problem) ullghitagma afkuyaa naalkaghtaqa ‘I found the cause of the problem with my wheeled/tracked vehicle’; Naghullgaqluki, pakin'gumakanga nagun iqelqwakun itegaakun, taawa taana tuqusiqaa, pakinellgha qazigyaghaam. Aatgha Anaqsi, Sikneghnii. Afkuyaghhaan. ‘While he was harpooning them, it scratched him somewhere on his little toe, and that’s what killed him, the scratch of a seal. … That was all it took.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 3:22) cause of something (especially a problem) afkuyaq afkuyaq афкуяқ

aflaaghaghte- fak]95ns- interrupt to interrupt < aflaaq-aghte- (?) aflaghaghte- aflxghaghte- афлья̄ҳты-

aflaaq fak]92 between (thing ~ two others) middle one thing between two others; middle one < aflu-? > aflaaghaghte- aflaq aflxq афлья̄қ

aflenga- fak]s3f- thrifty (be ~) aflengaaq ‘he is thrifty’, ‘he takes care of his things’ / care (take good ~ of one’s things’ to be thrifty; to take good care of one’s things > aflengake-, aflenganeq aflenga- aflenga- афльыңа-

aflengake- fak]s3frs- take care of (valued possession or person) aflengakaa ‘he is taking care of it’ / Qikmiqa ataasiq tuunluku maalghuk aflengakagka.’ I gave away one of my dogs and kept two.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 8) keep to take care of (valued possession or person); to keep < aflenga-ke²- aflengake- aflengake- афльыңакы-

aflenganeq fak]s3fys2 thrifty person aflenganghuuq ‘he’s a person who takes good care of what he has’ care (one who takes good ~ of what he has) thrifty person; one who takes good care of what he has < aflenga-neq^? aflenganeq aflenganeq афльыңанық

aflu fak]/ span from one thing to another (as from one hour to the next) Estamat aflut piyugutkanka. ‘I walked for four hours.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 132) between (thing ~ two others) the span from one thing to another (as from one hour to the next); thing between two others (as a child born between two others) > aflaaq aflu aflu афлью

aflute- fak]/ns- feel sorry for Chukotkan (R) sympathize with to feel sorry for; to sympathize with CK Rub 110 aflute- aflute- афльюты-

afsengaghpak facs3f5gfr muskrat Chukotkan beaver Ondata zibethicus Castor canadensis muskrat (Ondata zibethicus); beaver (Castor canadensis) < afsengaq-ghpak afsengaghpak afsengaghpak афсыңаҳпак

afsengaghqe- facs3f52s- squeak, like a mouse afsengaghquq ‘there’s a squeaking, mouse sound’ for there to be the squeaking sound of a mouse < afsengaq-?- SLI Cur. Res. Man. 157 afsengaghqe- afsengaghqe- афсыңаҳқы-

afsengaq* facs3f2 vole “mouse” (vole) mucus (slang for lump of dried nasal ~) Microtus sp. vole (Microtus sp. ); locally mouse; also slang for lump of dried nasal mucus PE av0l&a3 > aflengaghpak afsengaq* afsengaq* афсыңақ

afta- fanf- cut up game aftaaq ‘he butchered an animal’; aftaa ‘he butchered it’ / butcher game surgery (have ~) to cut up game; to butcher game; to have surgery (additional Chukotkan meaning) < afte-?- afta- afta- афта-

afte- fans- root; > afta-, aafte-; cf. avek afte- afte- афты-

aga fuf away particle; this is the interjectional form of the demo. adverb aga(ni) from demo. pronoun aagna(q.v.); Amaaghllak aga estunaquq. ‘There he goes, the wolf is about to slide.’  (AYUM. UNGIP. I:7) gone there away; gone; there PE dem. ag- aga aga ага

agaavik fu6dbr double hook used to fasten caught walrus to side of boat Chukotkan (R) double hook used to fasten caught walrus to side of boat CK Rub 20 agavik agxvik агāвик

agagh- fuf4- hanging postural root; agaghtuq ‘it got hung, snagged’; agaghtaa ‘he hung it up’; agaghngaaq ‘it is hanging’; agaghfik ‘place to hang things’ hanging PE a!(!)a(3)- > agaghfikutaq, agaqraq agagh- agagh- агаӷ-

agaghfikutaq fuf5abrenf2 hanger (clothes ~) clothespin peg for hanging things hook for hanging things clothes hanger; clothespin; peg for hanging things; hook for hanging things < agagh-te¹-vik-qutaq agaghfikutaq agaghfikutaq агаҳфикутақ

agaghtiiraagh- fuf5n7h64- hang Chukotkan (R) hanging (be ~) to hang; to be hanging dbctnm < agagh-?- Rub. 21 agaghtiragh- agaghtxrxgh- агаҳтӣрāӷ-

agaghtusiq fuf5necb2 hanger (clothes ~) clothespin peg for hanging things hook for hanging things clothes hanger; clothespin; peg for hanging things; hook for hanging things < agagh-te¹-(u)siq agaghtusiq agaghtusiq агаҳтусиқ

agaghugllaka fuf4e[k]zrf oh, what a pity! particle pity (oh, what a ~!) oh, what a pity! agaghugllaka agaghugllaka агаӷухльяка

agalghu- fufk4e- stagger agalghuuq ‘he staggered’ / agalghwaaghtuq ‘he keeps staggering as he walks’ to stagger agalghu- agalghu- агалӷу-

agalqutaq fufk]2enf2 peg for hanging things hook for hanging things peg for hanging things; hook for hanging things < agagh-qutaq agalqutaq agalqutaq агальқутақ

agam fufv okay Chukotkan (R); particle enough (that’s ~) check whether used on SLI okay, that’s enough ye. ye ljdjkmyj Rub. 21 agam agam агам

agangsitagh- fuf3cbnf4- stay away agangsitaghtuq ‘he, or it, it staying away’ / kayut saamkut agangsitaghtat nalleq? ‘why are the fish down there staying away?’ to stay away VK’s dict. revs. agangsitagh- agangsitagh- агаңситаӷ-

agaqraq fuf2if2 peg for hanging things hook for hanging things peg for hanging things; hook for hanging things < agagh-qraq agaqraq agaqraq агақшақ

agaten fufnsy must be the case particle (perhaps two different particles);  agaten aghuliighaqluni igleghtaquq ‘he must be stopping once in a while as he travels’; qeghalguteyeng ataasiq agaten ayuqaqaa ‘they aren’t very enthusiastic about one of their fellow workers’; Ataasit agaten amaallgaat esghaqaghaqanka, pamakaghtat. ‘I’d see an occasional wolfskin [ruff] which must have come from Siberia.’ (SIVUQ. NANGAGH. 1:114) unenthusiastic must be the case; unenthusiastic from Chukchi ? x VK’s dict. revs. agaten agaten агатын

agatu fufne kelp type Agarum cribrosum type of kelp (Agarum cribrosum) Aynganga’s article in “Beringia”; SLI Cur. Res. Man. 61 agatu agatu агату

agenriqe- fusyhb2s- think carefully about something agenriquq ‘he thought carefully’; agenriqaqulluku pegnem ayveq qaakaghput ‘after we thought carefully about it we finally pulled the walrus out’ to think carefully about something VK’s dict. revs. agenriqe- agenriqe- агынриқы-

agepsugh- fusgc/4- smoky (be ~) agepsughtuq ‘it is smoky’ / agepsughtaa ‘it is getting smoky’ to be smoky agepsugh- agepsugh- агыпсюӷ-

agepsuq fusgc/2 smoke agepsughtuuq ‘there's a lot of smoke’; agepsughtaaghtuq ‘it has smoke coming out of it’ steam smoke; steam PE apyu3 agepsuq agepsuq агыпсюқ

agesngughte- fusc3]e5ns- kill instantly agesngughtaa ‘he killed it instantly’/ ayveq agesngughlluku tuqutaa ‘he killed the walrus instantly (by hitting it on the bridge of the nose)’ kill by hitting on bridge of nose knock out check; Rub. gives agesngughtaqaa, but I can’t understand the Russian gloss to kill instantly (especally by hitting on bridge of nose); to knock out (?) A&W 3, Rub. 26, CK V & E 145 agesngughte- agesngughte- агысңьуҳты-

agesta fuscnf sh-sh Chukotkan (R); particle hush! sh-sh; hush! CK Rub 26 agesta agesta агыста

agghi fu4b conference conference agghi agghi агӷи

agghi- fu4b- confer agghiiq ‘he decided’/ agghiit ‘they are conferring, deciding on something’; agghitkaa ‘he decided concerning it, figured it out’; agghiiq igleghhnaluni ‘he decided to go’ decide to confer; to decide > agghista agghi- agghi- агӷи-

agghista fu4bcnf commander commander < agghi-(s)ta agghista agghista агӷиста

agghiyugniqe- fu4b/uyb2s- spoiled (be ~) cf. agghi; mekelghiighhaq agghiyugniquq ghhuuteghngaatni wata an’gighnaluni ‘the little boy tried to have his way and stay outdoors even though it was cold’ obstinate (be ~) to be spoiled; to be obstinate agghiyugniqe- agghiyugniqe- агӷиюгниқы-

agha f4f amulet medicine aspirin amulet; medicine; aspirin PE a39a > aghaligh-, aghallegtaq, aghavraq ? agha agha аӷа

aghaligh- f4fkb4- treat with medicine aghalightuq ‘he took medicine or put on an amulet’; aghalighaa ‘he gave her medicine or put an amulet on her’/ medicate put on an amulet to treat with medicine; to medicate; to put on an amulet < agha-ligh- aghaligh- aghaligh- аӷалиӷ-

aghallegtaq f4fk]s[nf2 doctor doctor < agha-llek-? aghallegtaq aghallegtaq аӷальыхтақ

aghanghuuraq f4fy48hf2 amulet attached on to belt or clothing Chukotkan (R) medicinal plant sewn on to animal skin and attached to one’s belt amulet attached on to belt or clothing;  medicinal plant sewn on to animal skin and attached to one’s belt < agha-? CK Rub 26 aghanghuraq aghanghxraq аӷанӷӯрақ

aghavaghllak f4fdf5k]zr clear weather clear weather SLI Cur. Man. 21 aghavaghllak aghavaghllak аӷаваҳльяк

aghavraq f4fdhf2 poppy (Alaska ~) Papaver alaskanum Alaska poppy (Papaver alaskanum) < agha-? aghavraq aghavraq аӷаврақ

aghelqute- f4sk]2ens- move a little (of something heavy and/or tight) aghelqutuq ‘it moved a little, it budged’; aghelqutaa ‘he moved it a little, he budged it’/ budge to move a little (of something heavy and/or tight); to budge aghelqute- aghelqute- аӷыльқуты-

aghenqigneq f4sy2buys2 right-hand side aghenqigneghmun ‘to the right’ right-hand side PE a30nqi!- CK V & E 118, CK (terminalis) aghenqigneq aghenqigneq аӷынқигнық

aghevestaaghaq* f4sdscn65f2 soft thing qenu meghmelnguq aghevestaaghhaaguq ‘the new ice in the ocean is soft’ person who is willed and easily influenced soft thing; person who is weak-willed and easily influenced < aghevestaaq-(gh)aq aghevestaghaq* aghevestxghaq* аӷывыстāҳақ

aghevestaaq f4sdscn62 soft thing anigu qaga aghevestaapiguuq ifkanghhaaluni ‘the newly fallen snow out there is very soft’; aghevestaaq ugharra piyullginnapigtuq ‘the soft marsh is hard to walk on’ person who is weak-willed and easily influenced soft thing; person who is weak-willed and easily influenced A&W 3 aghevestaaghhaq* aghevestaq aghevestxq аӷывыстāқ

aghhmagte- f5v]f[ns- take all aghhmagtaa ‘he took or used all of it’ / use all all (take or use ~) to take all; to use all PY a3(ca3)ma!- (under PE a3ca3-) aghhmagte- aghhmagte- аҳмьахты-

aghhmeghneq f5v]s4ys2 firmness aghhmeghneqegtaq ‘a sturdy skin or piece of clothing’ sturdiness firmness; sturdiness aghhmeghneq aghhmeghneq аҳмьыӷнық

aghhunneghagu f5ey]s4fue every day particle (actually inflected form); literally, ‘whenever day comes upon it’;  = eghhunneghagu check, but looks okay, explained as: unaaminghagu, which VK translates as ‘when it is the next day’ every day < aghte-(u)te-contemporative A&W 19 aghhunneghagu aghhunneghagu аҳуньыӷагу

aghhutanga tamaghhaan f5enf3f nfvf[6y every day literally, ‘its becoming day, every one’; Aghhutanga tamaghhaan takwaaqiit. ‘Every day they would check it.’ (PIYAA. 14) every day < aghte-(u)te-possessed absolutive + tamaghhagh-quantifier/qualifier xxxt aghhutanga tamaghhan aghhutanga tamaghhxn аҳутаңа тамахāн

aghhutkun f5enrey dawn (at ~) adverbial particle; aghhutkun esla naavuq ‘the weather got bad at dawn’ at dawn < aghte-(u)n-vialis VK aghhutkun aghhutkun аҳуткун

aghi- f4b- wet (be ~) aghiiq or aghii ‘it got wet’ / cf. aghilluk to be wet PE a3i(t)- > aghinaq, aghipa, aghisigh-, aghitqe- aghi- aghi- аӷи-

aghiknaq f4bry]f2 sculpin, “prickly” exact species undetermined “prickly” sculpin “prickly” sculpin SLI Cur. Man. 53 aghiknaq aghiknaq аӷикньақ

aghilluk f4bk]/r skin mitten Chukotkan; cf. aghi- mitten (skin ~) glove skin mitten; glove PY-S a3in (under PE a3i(t)-) aghilluk aghilluk аӷильюк

aghinaq f4byf2 moisture outdoors wet weather moisture outdoors; wet weather < aghi-naq; PE a3ina3- (under PE a3i(t)-) aghinaq aghinaq аӷинақ

aghinghwaaq f4by4162 bag, small, of sealskin holding certain articles used to try to ensure good whale hunting small bag of sealskin holding certain articles used to try to ensure good whale hunting PE a33i(t)na3 aghinghwaq aghinghwxq аӷинӷӱāқ

aghinqagh- f4by2f4- wet (be ~) Chukotkan (V&E) to wet yfvfxbdfn CK V & E 41 aghinqagh- aghinqagh- аӷинқаӷ-

aghipa f4bgf wetness moisture wetness; moisture PE a3ipa-; < aghi-?- > aghipate-, aghipsaate- aghipa aghipa аӷипа

aghipate- f4bgfns- wet (be ~) aghipatuq ‘it is wet’, ‘it is raw’ / raw (be ~) to be wet; to be raw < aghipa-(u)te- aghipate- aghipate- аӷипаты-

aghipsaate- f4bgc9ns- wet (be partly ~) aghipsaalnguq ‘partially wet or raw thing’ raw (be partially ~) to be partly wet; to be partially raw < aghipa-?- aghipsate- aghipsxte- аӷипся̄ты-

aghisigh- f4bcb4- soak aghisightuq ‘it is being soaked or he is letting himself get wet’; aghisighaa ‘he is soaking it’ / to soak < aghi-sigh- aghisigh- aghisigh- аӷисиӷ-

aghitqe- f4bn2s- wet (get very ~) aghitquq ‘he or it got very wet’; aghitqaa ‘he got it very wet’ / to get very wet < aghi-?- aghitqe- aghitqe- аӷитқы-

aghiva- f4bdf- quarrel (of women) aghivaaq ‘she is quarreling with someone, bawling out someone’; aghivaa ‘she is quarreling with her’ / aghivatuk ‘they (two women) are quarreling’ bawl out (by women) to quarrel (of women); to bawl out (by women) PE a3iva- aghiva- aghiva- аӷива-

aghliigh- f4k74- overwhelmed emotional root; aghliighyugtuq ‘he feels overwhelmed by the tasks facing him’; aghliighyukaa ‘he feels overwhelmed by it’; aghliighnaghtuq ‘it is overwhelming’ overwhelmed PE a3li(C)- aghligh- aghlxgh- аӷлӣӷ-

aghmig- f4vbu- wash one's face aghmigtuq ‘he washed his (own) face’; aghmigaa ‘he washed his (another's) face’ / to wash one's face PE 03mi!- > aghmigusiq, aghmigusik aghmig- aghmig- аӷмиг-

aghmigusiq f4vbuecb2 washcloth used in the dual, aghmigusik, for one washbasin soap (face ~) washbasin washcloth; face soap; washbasin < aghmig-(u)siq aghmigusiq aghmigusiq аӷмигусиқ

aghnaaghte- f4y65ns- menses (have one’s first ~) to have one's first menses < aghnaq-(ng)ughte- aghnaghte- aghnxghte- аӷнāҳты-

aghnaaneq f4y6ys2 female bird, fish, or seal or other animal female (state of being ~) female bird, fish, or seal or other animal; state of being female < aghnaq-(ng)u-neq² aghnaneq aghnxneq аӷнāнық

aghnaasiq f4y6cb2 effeminate man Kiyaghneghem Ataneghpagullghani nekaghqiitut: … allaniighet, aghnaasit, … ‘In God’s Kingdom there is no room for: … adulterers, the effeminate , …’ (1 Corinthians 6.9) homosexual male effeminate man; homosexual male < aghnaq-(ng)u-(u)siq aghnasiq aghnxsiq аӷнāсиқ

aghnagan f4yfufy hurry up particle; aghnagan uyuq emta ‘hurry up you, knowing how you are’ hurry up from Chukchi ? x aghnagan aghnagan аӷнаган

aghnagh- f4yf4- wear a dress aghnaghluni ‘wearing a dress’; direct verbalization of aghnaq ‘woman’ dress (wear a ~) to wear a dress PE a3na3 aghnagh- aghnagh- аӷнаӷ-

Aghnaghaak F4yf46r Aghnak River on St. Lawrence Is. see Map 4 in Appendices Aghnak River on St. Lawrence Is. < aghnaghaq-dual Aghnaghak Aghnaghxk Аӷнаӷāк

aghnaghaghhaq* f4yf4f5f2 little girl girl, little little girl ltdjxrf < aghnaghaq-ghhaq CK V & E 74; CK aghnaghaghhaq* aghnaghaghhaq* аӷнаӷаҳақ

Aghnaghaghyaget F4yf4f4mzusn Pleides constellation literally, ‘group of girls’ Pleides constellation < aghnaghaq-yaga^e-plural Aghnaghaghyaget Aghnaghaghyaget Аӷнаӷаӷьягыт

aghnaghaq* f4yf4f2 girl girl PY a3na3aq (under PE a3na3); < aghnaq-ghaq aghnaghaq* aghnaghaq* аӷнаӷақ

aghnaghniite- f4yf4ybns- ugly (be ~ (of a girl)) to be ugly (a girl) ytrhfcbdfz (;tyobyf. ltdeirf) < aghnaq-?- CK V & E 128, Rub 31 CK aghnaghnite- aghnaghnxte- аӷнаӷниты-

aghnaghpallaghte- f4yf5gfk]z5ns- woman (become an older ~) to become an older woman < aghnaq-?- > aghnaghpallaghtekaq aghnaghpallaghte- aghnaghpallaghte- аӷнаҳпальяҳты-

aghnaghpallaghtekaq f4yf5gfk]z5nsrf2 woman, older older woman < aghnaghpallaghte-(g)kaq aghnaghpallaghtekaq aghnaghpallaghtekaq аӷнаҳпальяҳтыкақ

aghnaghqaq f4yf52f2 wife-to-be female to be included in a group dress material wife-to-be; female to be included in a group; dress material < aghnaq-kaq aghnaghqaq aghnaghqaq аӷнаҳқақ

aghnaghuq f4yf4e2 edible seashore life resembling a mouse in appearance cf. aghnaq Boltenia ovifera sea creature, edible, found on beaches and resembling a mouse in appearance “sea onion” edible seashore life resembling a mouse in appearance (Boltenia ovifera); “sea onion” PY a3na3uq aghnaghuq aghnaghuq аӷнаӷуқ

aghnalgun f4yfkuey cousin (parallel ~ on mother's side) mother's sister's child; parallel cousin on mother's side PY a3nal!un (under PE a3na3); < aghnaq-lgun aghnalgun aghnalgun аӷналгун

aghnalqwaaq f4yfk]2162 woman, old old woman old woman PE a3nalqu(C)a3 (under PE a3na3); < aghnaq-?- aghnalqwaavregaq aghnalqwaq aghnalqwxq аӷнальқӱāқ

aghnalqwaavregaq f4yfk]216dhsuf2 old senile woman Chukotkan (V&E) senile old woman old senile woman lhz[kfz cnfhe[f < aghnalqwaaq-vlaaq CK V & E 74 aghnalqwavregaq aghnalqwxvregaq аӷнальқӱāврыгақ

aghnangllagh- f4yf3k]z4- make a dress Aghnaghaat igaghvigmi aghnangllaatut. ‘The girls made dresses in school.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 11); Yuuk aghnangllaghiiq ighneghminun. ‘The man asked that a certain girl should be the wife for his son.’ (SLI JR. DICT. 11) ask to marry (of an older man asking a woman on behalf of a younger man) to make a dress; to ask to marry (of an older man asking a woman on behalf of a younger man) < aghnaq-ngllagh- aghnangllagh- aghnangllagh- аӷнаңльяӷ-

aghnapari f4yfgfhb older girl Chukotkan (R) young woman older girl; young woman < aghnaq-? CK Rub 32 aghnapari aghnapari аӷнапари

aghnapesqighte- f4yfgsc2b5ns- sit (in woman’s traditional style) sitting by bending one leg resting it on the floor while the other leg is also bent but upright with the foot flat on the floor; aghnapesqighlluteng aghnat avegtughaqut neghuunneghmeggmi ‘sitting woman-style the women are cutting food at meal time’ to sit (in woman’s traditional style) < aghnaq-? A&W 3 aghnapesqighte- aghnapesqighte- аӷнапысқиҳты-

aghnaq f4yf2 woman female human dress woman; female human; dress (when used in dual) PE a3na3 > aghnaghaq, aghnaghpallaghte-, aghnaghqaq, aghnaaghte-, aghnalgun, aghnalqwaaq, aghnaaneq, aghnangllagh-, aghnaqe-, aghnasalek, aghnaasiq aghnaq aghnaq аӷнақ

aghnaqe- f4yf2s- proud (be ~ in a way appropriate for a woman) aghnaquq ‘she is proud’/ to be proud in a way appropriate for a woman < aghnaq-?- aghnaqe- aghnaqe- аӷнақы-

aghnaqemsighte- f4yf2svcb5ns- sit (in woman’s traditional style) sitting by bending one leg resting it on the floor while the other leg is also bent but upright with the foot flat on the floor to sit (in woman’s traditional style) < aghnaq-?- VK’s notes to A&W 3 aghnaqemsighte- aghnaqemsighte- аӷнақымсиҳты-

aghnasalek f4yfczksr female walrus walrus female cow walrus female walrus; cow walrus < aghnaq-?- aghnasalek aghnasalek аӷнасялык

aghnasiq f4yfcb2 “sea cabbage” Chukotkan (R); exact identification undetermined “sea cabbage” < aghnaq-? (?) CK Rub 32 aghnasiq aghnasiq аӷнасиқ

aghneghet f4ys4sn dawn Chukotkan (R) dusk twilight dawn; dusk; twilight < aghneq-plural CK Rub 32 aghneghet aghneghet аӷныӷыт

aghneghiinaghqun f4ys47yf52ey daily particle daily < aghneq-?-inaq-vialis aghneghinaghqun aghneghxnaghqun аӷныӷӣнаҳқун

aghneghmi f4ys4vb today particle daytime (during the ~) today; during the daytime < aghneq-localis aghneghmi aghneghmi аӷныӷми

aghneghniimna f4ys4y7vyf one from earlier today the one from earlier today < aghneghni + iimna (compound word) CK Rub 32 aghneghnimna aghneghnxmna аӷныӷнӣмна

aghneghtaq f4ys5nf2 one from earlier today nagu yuuk aghneghtaq? ‘where is the man from earlier today’ the one from earlier today < aghneq-taq² CK Rub 32 CK aghneghtaq aghneghtaq аӷныҳтақ

aghneghte- f4ys5ns- spend the day Sivuqaaneng piiwaaluni Sivungami aghneghsimalghii ‘when he was going back home to Gambell from Northeast Cape, he spent the day at Savoonga’ to spend the day < aghneq-te²- CK Rub 32 CK aghneghte- aghneghte- аӷныҳты-

aghneghtughte- f4ys5ne5ns- days get longer longer (days get ~) for the days to get longer < aghnegh-?- aghneghtughte- aghneghtughte- аӷныҳтуҳты-

aghneghtuumaan f4ys5n8v6y day (during the ~ as well) essentially a particle during the day as well lytv b yjxm/ < aghneq-tuumagh-quantifier/qualifier Rub.  32 aghneghtuman aghneghtxmxn аӷныҳтӯмāн

aghneq f4ys2 day aghneqaghaq ‘earlier today’; Sivuliq aghneq ‘Sunday’; Allgha aghneq ‘Monday’; Pingayaa aghneq ‘Tuesday’; Estamaa aghneq ‘Wednesday’; Tallimaa aghneq ‘Thursday’; Aghvillgha aghneq ‘Friday’; Maaghraghvinlek aghneq ‘Saturday’; Aghnaghaq una qepghaghpenani quunpeng naghaaghllak tamaghhaan aghneq. Aghneq iingunaan qepghanemni, qenwat meghnughaqunga. ‘This girl plays without working every day. When I work all day, I am tired.’ (UNGAZ. UNGIP. 68) today also ‘dawn’ as Rub. gives for the plural? day; today (as a particle) PY 03n0q (under PY-S 030-²); < aghte-neq² aghneq aghneq аӷнық

Aghneq F4ys2 site in Chukotka see Map 2 in Appendices site in Chukotka Men. 1972, 1975 aghneq aghneq Аӷнық

aghnequn f4ys2ey afternoon (this ~) particle later today today (later ~) this afternoon; later today < aghneq-vialis aghnequn aghnequn аӷнықун